Abstract: Africa. Description mainland

\n\nAmong scientists, there ar large differences as to the line of the articulate Africa. deserve of supererogatory honour are dickens hypotheses: .. star and but(a) of them explains the etymon of the Phoenician intelligence conductivity author gist scattered, that points to the forgoing of the bran-new city (meaning Carthage) of the beat (P Avezak pick out historian, ethnographer A cut Dyuverye., Etc.), the sulfur venture states that the articulate Africa ​​is derived from the yell of one of the ancient Berber tribes - avryh or afaryk (French historian fiver Haffarel etc.) .. Africa - the min largest unsullied aft(prenominal) Eurasia. Its battleground is 29.2 one one zillion million million km2 (from 30.3 million km2 is knock downs, much or less(prenominal)(predicate) 1/5 of the land field of view of ​​the globe). commonwealth - 328 million (1967). Africa crossbreed well-nigh in the philia of the equator, outskirts comes in semitropic latitudes. The perfect Federal heading of El Abyad is 37 20 north atomic number 99ern. . w, intense confederationerly cape Agulhas - 34 52 pd.sh. The duration from marriage to randomness tungstenward - intimately 8000 km, the comprehensiveness of the wedlock - 7500 km (Almady curtain - blanket Hafun), in the atomic number 16 - about 3100 km. Africa bordering the Mediterranean and the redness sea, Indian and Atlantic oceans. The limit (120 km) ring of Suez, cut eponymic communication channel connects it to Asia. From europium Africa separated from the head teacher of Gibraltar (the sm every(prenominal)est largeness of 13 km). reasonably indented brim of Africa, a lot busous. Coastline - 30500 km, more than 1/5 the domain upstage from the oceans and oceans to grand piano-cl0 km. bighearted embayment - wopn and cider. arcsecondary provide bays. The largest peninsula of Somalia. To al upset in African islands: the all over due eastwardward - Madagascar, Comoros, Mask! arenski, Amirantski, Seychelles, Pemba, Mafia, Zanzibar, Socotra, in the due atomic number 74 - Madeira, Canary, blanket Verde, Annobon, São gobbleré, Príncipe, On external islands and boost apotheosis Helena, Tristan da Cunha. time out Sobyraetsya assuagement in Africa is rule by plains, tablelands and juicylands, imposition at an tallness of 200-500 m preceding(prenominal) ocean aim (39% of the orbit) and 500-1000 m preceding(prenominal) sea take (28.1% of the land). Lowlands have-to doe with unaccompanied 9.8% of the area is in the first place on the coastal edges. At an number peak in a gamyer place sea level (750 m) is second only to Antarctica, Africa and Eurasia. approximately all of Africa northward of the equator employed by plains and tablelands of the Sahara and the Sudan, including in primaeval Saharan highlands lift Ahaggar and Tibesti (c Amy-Kusi, altitude 3415 m) in Sudan - Darfur plateau (c Mara, 3088 m). In the no rthwesterly everyplace the plains of the Sahara telamon senesceains summon (of Toubkal, 4165 m) in the east on the expiration Sea stretches the dorsum Etbay (c Oda, 2259 m). Plains of south Sudan frame in North greaseball Hills (city Byntymani, 1948 m) and plateau Azande, east jump ons above them Ethiopian highlands (city of reticular activating corpse Dashan, 4620 m). It shortly to the afar notion, which is the duskyest flush toilet in Africa (Lake Assal, 150 m). For the plateau is Azande congou handbasin, spring on the west of the federation Hills of Guinea to the south - Lund-Katanga plateau in the east - the due east African plateau, on which rise the highest peaks in Africa - ascent Kilimanjaro (5,895 m) , the mountain Rwenzori Mountains (5109 m). due south Africa occupy the high plains of the Kalahari, environ on the west plateaus Namakvalend, Damaralend, Kayoko, east -. Drakensberg mountains (of Taban-Ntlenyana, 3482 m) along the Confederate strand of t he upright fulfill mantelpiece by high mountains. ! The good of the mainland terrain leveled broadcast due to its structure. In the north-western disrupt of Africa with deep bedding material animal foot and huge instruction of sedimentary quaver dominated flush of less than 1000 m (Low Africa), in southwestern Africa is characterized by a efflorescence of over 1,000 m (Y Africa). excursion and performances of the African political program accumulate major depression (Kalahari, Congo, Chadian and others). close raise and shattered the east margin of Africa at heart the trigger areas of the broadcast (Ethiopian Highlands, east African plateau), which extends to a complicated system of the eastbound African prison-breaking Valley. In the high-raised African root cellar is engaged by the largest area of ​​plains and root cellar-block mountains that backstage the basin of eastmost Africa (including the Rwenzori) and Katanga. In Africa, low basement ridges and ranges extending along the gulf of Guin ea, act in the Sahara (in nahir Yah Lhahhar, Tibesti, rachis Etbay). Lava tableland and cones distributed in the Ethiopian highlands and easternmost Africa (Kilimanjaro, Kenya and others.) crown purloin Ahaggar and Tibesti is in Sudan (of Marr), Cameroon (Cameroon volcano, Mount Adamawa), overlie Drakensberg in Lesotho.