Groups in Organisations - Characteristics of a Successful Team Free Essay Example, 1500 words

The five OCEAN traits identified by contemporary psychologists include openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (Anissimov, 2011). Sarah and I were working as partners in the marketing department in the Sok-Fitness Center. Sarah was new in the field and lacked the required skills in the use of the scheduling software, but she did not want others to get an air of it so that her status on the job would not be challenged. Thus, she measured very low on the scale of openness to experience. By displaying this behaviour, Sarah also displayed a very low level of conscientiousness and extraversion as it was her duty to be truthful about her skills and not affect the work by hiding them, but she did not do it. Our manager of the team of the Sok-Fitness Center was a very agreeable manager. I can say this because of the moment he found out that Sarah lacked training in the use of the software, he arranged a training session based on a whole week f or her without letting her down. Sarah also displayed very little agreeableness and neuroticism. We will write a custom essay sample on Groups in Organisations - Characteristics of a Successful Team or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Nclb Political Issues - 1439 Words

Political issues involved in No Child Left Behind Performance Task 1 In Partial Fulfillment of AP Seminar Exam Introduction The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was introduced March 22 2001, and enacted January 8th 2002. NCLB was enacted after the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 was determined to be out of date, and underperforming by the majority of US legislatures. The goal of NCLB was to improve the overall success rate of students in The United States compared to other developed nations. The initial act was supported bipartisanly and was the First bill passed by the 107th Congress, but was soon opposed by many politicians and educators. Who favored passing NCLB Political scientist Frederick M.†¦show more content†¦In accord to what Petrilli found, Elizabeth DeBray-Pelot, a professor of Educational Administration and Policy at the University of Georgia described that â€Å"A number of conservative groups continued to oppose federal activision in education†(Elizabeth DeBray-Pelot Patrick McGuinn, 2009, p.25). When NCLB was being passed, to when it was finally expired many conservatives opposed NCLB because of the power it took away from state governments, and gave to the federal government many small groups of state legislatures, and educators opposed it. Despite this opposition from many groups, the support for NCLB was broad enough that it hindered no effect on the law being passed. What NCLB ended up doing Author of educational trends, Tom Loveless, described No Child Left Behind by describing how itâ€Å"(Tom Loveless, 2006, p.10). Takes control of how schools are held accountable out of district and state control.† This means Politicians have taken the power away from local school boards on how their schools will be run. Because of this, the government was allowed higher control over curriculum and standards to be held at all schools changing the way veteran teacher had been working for decades. This helped show the abilities of students across the nation with a level standard. Additionally, Chester E Finn Jr. Author on Educational politicsShow MoreRelatedHistory of Curriculum1282 Words   |  6 Pageseconomy. In this paper, the author discusses the historical and political influences on the current curriculum practices, the effects of English Language Learners (ELL) and Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) laws have on curriculum development, and the impact of g ifted education on the evolution of curriculum development. Many political and historical influences on education come to mind, notably, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) act and cases involving religion. Politics plays a very importantRead MoreNation At Risk Gave Rise To Two Major Education Reform974 Words   |  4 Pagesand standardization, which resulted in No Child Left Behind (NCLB), and Race to the Top. McGuinn’s No Child Left Behind (NCLB), describes the politics of accountability as setting a standard for teachers, testing students to see if the schools meet the set standards, and then holding the schools and teachers accountable for not achieving those standards by creating consequences. George W. Bush, a Republican made NCBL a nationwide issue. Unions and districts opposed accountability because testingRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Of 20011403 Words   |  6 PagesThere were a fair number of interesting topics in this Political Science 2 class session of the Fall 2016 semester. A few that stood out to me, personally, were the topics of laissez-faire economics, separate-but-equal issues, and the viewpoints of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. From the tenth edition of the course book We the People, Texas Ed. by Benjamin Ginsberg and Unit 2 of the lecture; a policy developed by the efforts of the late philosopher and economist, Adam Smith, laissez-faireRead MoreUnequal Democracy By Larry Bartle1503 Words   |  7 Pagesare more affluent to political leaders. In addition, Bartle examines whether voting patterns of voters have contributed to the growing economic inequality, and he concludes voters do not weigh more into social and cultural issues; rather Republic presidents are good at timing income growth to garner voters. The political environment has essentially influenced economy, in result has led to a growing economic gap between the rich and poor, which is a national and state issue that must be addressedRead MoreThe American Occupational Therapy Association993 Words   |  4 Pagesco nsequences of not specifying OTs as school mental health providers under the NCLB. It is necessary to convey to stakeholders that the current trends will continue to restrict the role of OTs to the special education population. In the long run, this trend will further limit OT services to address sensorimotor skills as schools are increasingly hiring different disciplines to support students’ compliance and behavioral issues. Similarly, in the case of budget constraints, schools are likely to eliminateRead MoreEducational Research : The Educational Community For Validation Of Its Quality933 Words   |  4 Pagesnarrow construal of acceptable research designs† (Liston, Whitcomb, Borko, 2007, p. 104). Research that is used by NCLB policymakers may be inferior if proper quality controls are not present. Because of questionable controls policymakers and scientists are searching for ways to validate their research making it more impactful within the educational communi ty. An additional issue that arises from this lack of consensus is a system-wide problem of lack of teacher engagement in educational researchRead MoreEducational Reform1289 Words   |  6 PagesEducational reform is a political process with a primary focus on making improvements to the current educational system. In 2001 education in the United States indicated there were multiple and significant achievement gaps across ethnicities, income levels, and geographies (Bush, 2001). These educational gaps placed a great strain on the United States (Economic Impact, 2009), with â€Å"too many of our neediest students...being left behind† In an attempt to amend the situation, the federal governmentRead MorePolitics and Policies Influencing America’s Education of Bilingual Students1202 Words   |  5 Pagesfor students with limited English proficiency. Funding in the forms of grants was made available to schools to help at least begin to meet some of the needs of students not fluent in the English language. Although the BEA of 1968 did not solve the issues regarding the education of students speaking languages other than English, it was a step in decriminalizing the incorporation of bilingual education in schools across much of the United States. Improvements were made in our country’s educationRead MoreEssay On No Child Left Behind1132 Words   |  5 PagesNo Child Left Behind The American education system often conjures up images of classrooms, students and teachers. Yet it can also be a point of political contention. The educational system is complex and intended to encompass all students so they can further their education and essentially their futures. However, the real question is in its effectiveness. After all, if there is no way to show that students are actually learning, then it renders the idea of schooling moot. That is why education policyRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act Vs. Every Student Succeeds Act Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesThis measure was meant to reauthorize the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 that was introduced during President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society Reform. Most importantly, for Americans, it replaced the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) instituted during the presidency of George W. Bush. The Every Student Succeeds Act was touted by lawmakers for returning power back to the states by taki ng a more flexible approach to student testing and school accountability. This measure is a step

Human Errors in Aviation Industry Free Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Define Human Error and Efficiency. 2.Classifications of Human Error Define each term.3.Why Human Errors are happening? Reasons for Human Error. 4.How to avoid Human Error Precautions what others have say. Answers: 1.Human Error and Efficiency Human Error being one of the most talked about thing in aviation industry is defined as the series of some actions which were planned but that failed to achieve the consequences which were desired and thought of without any interference or intervention from any agency, being it a third party. (Reason, 1990, p.17). However the expression "human error" does not help in the anticipation and examination of aviation occasions; in spite of the fact that it demonstrates to us where the framework didnt work out it doesn't reveal to us anything about the makes that drove the disappointment. Additionally the expression "human error" has been leading to aeronautics mischances. In the cutting edge way to deal with flying wellbeing, human error and efficiency go hand in hand. Moreover human efficiency being the main factor which considers the life and death situation in aviation is defined as the ability of using your skills to make sure that the desired and planned actions reach their consequenc es leading to positive results. 2.Types of Errors In the course of past many decades, there have in great development in air transport which has actually lead to more efficiency from the sides of human. Of course the technology has helped to increase the efficiency but yes there are many errors from the side of humans in the aviation industry. They have been explained as follows: Endogenous error. This sort of an error arises from within an individual; which can be from any kind of a random, unknown and an event which cant be predicted or a sort of a cognitive event like mistake in calculation of the speed at which the takeoff should have been done to do it in a stipulated time. 3.This kind of an error which arises from within a single person happens because if there have been no double check and the human makes a mistake in slight judgment also, it can led to bad landings, issues in takeoffs and even mishaps. Thus checking should be taken as a separate redundant action. Along these lines, the checker is not deluded into an indistinguishable flawed thinking from the individual who initially made the mistake. If there would have been the twofold check been performed autonomously, as a repetitive capacity without earlier information of the pilot's occupation, thus he/she can have more efficiency. (ICAO - INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION, 2003). Exogenous error. An exogenous error is the one which emerges from conditions in the environment but externally. This is some condition, which is equivalent to bad weather, complex undertaking attributes, or vague introduction of data. Here there should be predictive checks done and thus these errors can be not done if there are Double checks. These checks are quite frequently less fruitful in distinguishing exogenous blunders than endogenous mistakes, notwithstanding when the check is performed autonomously. A portion of a similar outside elements that at first prompted the errors are frequently still present, and individuals with comparable preparing could without much of a stretch commit a similar error amid the twofold check. Thus these errors can be managed even though they are created through outside conditions. (ICAO - INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION, 2003). Example to cover both endogenous and exogenous errors: A combination of faulty hardware and human error had led to a tragic Frisco helicopter crash that took the life of the pilot in 2015, according to the National Transportation Safety Board. This actually explains how there is basically endogenous and exogenous errors can affect and take lives of people along with passengers. This you wont say that is a being done by the human or the external environment- there total effort is also way too high. (Queen, 2017) There have been several reasons due to which there have been many causes due to which the errors led to various fatal accidents. Only six percent of errors occur during the cruising but afterwards, 42 percent happened at the time of the landing or descent. (Robert Helmreich, who runs the University of Texas Human Factors Research Project) Errors of Problem Detection- These errors are due to the problem detection problems. Whenever anything happen in the aviation, there was no proper diagnostics done in order to actually find the issue and rectify it. These can be rectified with proper skills of noticing details and much more. Errors in Problem Diagnosis: These errors happen when the diagnosis happened but didnt actually provide any results to get to the root of the problem and solve it. These can be avoided if and only if there is a proper procedure followed for the check process and diagnosis. Errors in Planning and Execution: These errors basically deal with the kind of planning and execution is done at the level of execution and planning before the aircraft takes off or lands. The Mechanical failure and pilot error caused a 2012 air crash which has killed so many is also because of the planning and execution. Other like perceptual, cognitive, communicational and organizational errors are due to like optical illusions, issues at the mental level in judgment, disturbance in phones, systems etc. Different sorts of human errors in aviation: The least difficult categorization of human mistake is part them into errors of omission or commission (Kern, 1998). Omission - Errors of omission happen when team individuals neglect to carry out a required errand. Commission - Errors of commission happen when group individuals carryout an assignment erroneously or accomplish something that is not required. Later researchers further differentiated human error as (Strauch, 2004: Reason, 1990); Slips - Which occur in case in the issue of execution Lapses - Which occur when a pilot gets distracted or doesnt tick the proper checklist Mistakes - Which occur when actions are related and adhering to a plan which is inadequate Violations Deviation from safety procedures is there, then this error occurs. Reason (1990) also said that the errors which are done by humans in aviation is not done in vacuum. For instance pilots may be consciously attempting to perform perfectly, but human errors can still occur. This is because other factors, or antecedents, can influence the operators performance (Strauch, 2004). These antecedents can include; Why human errors are happening? The external environment, The equipment which are being used Organizational cultures. Errors in Aviation Early mental analysts viewed individuals who blundered as being less viable because of oblivious drives. Ways to deal with human error correction and administration tending to focus on fault, preparing and conceivably discipline (McDonald, 2003). 4.Present day models and strategies How to avoid human error (precautions): Crew Resource Management (CRM) Focuses on interpersonal communication, leadership, and decision making in the cockpit. Single Pilot Resource Management (SPRM) This is a sort of Customer Relationship Management software. This CRM like software focuses more on situational awareness, managing the workload and even various decisions related to aeronautical and automation management. Line Operations Safety Audits (LOSA) LOSA are designed to collect data on crew performance, and then do an analysis of all the possible reasons and other data. Safety Management Systems (SMS) SMS is for reducing human error by seeing and observing the reasons and causes of the same and also by managing risk in the workplace. Threat and Error Management (TEM) A model developed to help understand, and explain, the interaction between safety and human performance, within an operational context. Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA) MEDA is a program created by Boeing to build the estimation of discoveries from any examinations concerning wrong support methodology. References KERN, T. (1998). Flight discipline. New York: McGraw-Hill. McDONALD, N. (2003). Culture, systems and change in aircraft maintenance organisation. In G. EDKINS P. PFISTER (Eds.), Aviation: Selected contributions to the Australian Aviation Psychology Symposium 2000. (pp. 39-57). Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited. REASON, J. (1990). Human error. New York: Cambridge University Press. STRAUCH, B. (2004). Investigating human error: Incidents, accidents and complex systems. Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. ICAO - INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (1989). Human factors digest no 1. Fundamental human factors concepts. Circular 216-AN/131. ICAO (Montreal, Canada), 1989. UNITED KINGDOM CIVIL AVIATION PUBLICATION (CAP) 716: Aviation Maintenance Human Factors (EASA Part- 145). Disponibil la adresa www.caa.co.uk/ docs/33/CAP716df ICAO - INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (2003). Human Factors Guidelines for Aircraft Maintenance Manual Doc 9824 AN/450. Disponibil la adresa https://www.hf.faa.gov/opsmanual/assets/pd fs/ICAOHF.pdf Tyson, P (2006), Pilot Room For Error. https://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/assets/img/pilot-room-for-error/image-04-large.jpg

Is Torture in Time of War Justified Waterboarding

Greenberg, K. (2006). The torture debate in America. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. This book deeply analyses the different perspectives on torture in America and weighs the statements of some of the top government executives including former president George. W. Bush and the former attorney generals.Advertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Is Torture in Time of War Justified: Waterboarding specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Greenberg further gathers the opinions of various military leaders on the application of different forms of torture and the effectiveness of the techniques. The book concludes with a compelling objective argument based on different myths, assumptions and views on torture. Levinson, S. (2004). Torture: A collection. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Torture: A collection is a fact based book that reveals the numerous numbers of interrogation techniques and attempts to id entify the premier practice of the techniques. The author reaches back into history to expose various primitive forms of torture that were undeniably crude and often fatal. Levinson goes on to document the evolution of torture through the dark ages to the 21st century. Mackey, C., Miller, G. (2004). The interrogators: Inside the secret war against Al Qaeda. New York, NY: Little, Brown. Mackey and Miller venture into the secretive world of terrorism to write this book based on revealed facts and interviews. The book features a number of conversations the writers had with former torturers as they strive to discern the motives of the Al Qaeda. Torturers provide revealing information regarding the procedures of torture and give their various experiences while in the field. The book concludes with a number of assumptions on Al Qaeda pertaining to their intentions and extremist ideology. McCoy, A. (2006). A question of torture: CIA interrogation, from the Cold War to the war on terror. N ew York, NY: Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt and Co. McCoy focuses his book on the various interrogation tactics that have been applied by the Criminal Investigation Agency (CIA) since World War II to the current war on terror. The author unearths evidence to support claims of missing persons who vanished after being arrested by the CIA. The book also reveals the use of hallucinogens as a form of torture, a method which less known to the public. National Security Archive-NSA (2004). The interrogation documents: Debating U.S. policy and methods. Retrieved from: https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//NSAEBB/NSAEBB127/index.htm This website is very useful for acquiring information and documented evidence revealing the signed authorization by government officials allowing interrogators to torture suspects. The site gives a chronological account of some of the controversial incidents of torture, vindicated by senior officials in the White House and the Department of Defense.Advertising Looking f or annotated bibliography on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Walzer, M. (2000).  Just and unjust wars. New York, NY: Basic Books. In this book, Walzer tries to reveal the significant precursors to some of the major wars. The author examines information from different sources to ascertain the accuracy of the findings. The author goes further to examine the character and personality of the warring leaders in order to justify the decisions they made relative to the outcome of the war. Walzer discloses testimonies from victims of the war that went through torture or indefinite incarceration in an attempt to depict the ills of war. The author concluded by suggesting ways in which the wars could have been avoided and censures the leaders who perpetuated the wars. References Greenberg, K. (2006). The torture debate in America. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Levinson, S. (2004). Torture: A collection. New York, NY: Oxf ord University Press. Mackey, C., Miller, G. (2004). The interrogators: Inside the secret war against Al Qaeda. New York, NY: Little, Brown. McCoy, A. (2006). A question of torture: CIA interrogation, from the Cold War to the war on terror. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt and Co. National Security Archive-NSA (2004). The interrogation documents: Debating U.S. policy and methods. Retrieved from: https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//NSAEBB/NSAEBB127/index.htmAdvertising We will write a custom annotated bibliography sample on Is Torture in Time of War Justified: Waterboarding specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Walzer, M. (2000).  Just and unjust wars. New York, NY: Basic Books. This annotated bibliography on Is Torture in Time of War Justified: Waterboarding was written and submitted by user Ahmad Mann to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.